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Linking words

TIP Imagine that the examiner can't see the Task 1 diagram and knows nothing about the topic. You need to carefully explain all your conclusions and generalisations to them.

Linking words are the basic way to show a relationship between ideas. They are like signposts on a road to show your reader where you are leading them.You shouldn't use too many of them because it looks clumsy. Make sure you use a range of other devices too.

Types of links

Linking words fall into general categories according to their function.

Adding information Comparing things Comparing time Summarising
and
also
in addition (to)
furthermore
moreover
besides
finally		 however
but
whereas
while
as opposed to
on the other hand
despite
in spite of
nevertheless
yet
similarly
likewise 		while
meanwhile
at the same time
concomitantly
concurrently
during
simultaneously
at this point
to begin with
first, last
first, second, third
afterwards
then
subsequently 		overall
all in all
altogether
on the whole
in general
in brief
in short
in summary
to summarise
in conclusion
as has been said

Illustrating a point Conceding something Showing cause and effect
for example
for instance
such as
in particular
specifically
especially
including
that is in other words
in fact 		although
even though
in spite of
of course
while it may be true that 		so
therefore
consequently
as a consequence
thus
as a result
in order to
this is why
hence
for this reason
accordingly

Note: while has two uses.

Using linking words

In IELTS Task 1, you need to interpret data from an image and put it into words. The simplest paragraph structure for this kind of writing is:
  1. Make a general statement.
  2. Explain what you mean.
  3. Give some proof.
- Cohesion - Activity 3.6

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