Luyện ngữ pháp - English Grammar for Academic Purposes Chapter 1: Time and Action - Using Verbs))


I. Verbs: Introduction and Review

2.0 Verb Forms: Participles, Gerunds and Infinitives

2.1 Participles

Participles can be used in passive verbs, as adjectives, or as the helping verb of Perfect Tense Verbs. They can also have active and passive forms.

Verbs can be made into participles by adding -ed or by using the participle form of the verb (see irregular verbs chart in appendix A).

Ví dụ:

The cake was eaten by her boyfriend. (passive form)

The eaten cake was delicious. (adjective form)

He has eaten the cake, and his girlfriend is mad. (as the helping verb in perfect tense verbs)

The dog was walked to the park. (passive form)

The walked dog was tired. (verb as passive adjective)

The walking dog looked happy. (verb used as active adjective)

The dog has already been walked today, so you don't need to do it. (past perfect tense verb)

2.2 Gerunds and Infinitives

Gerunds and infinitives are originally verbs, but they are used as nouns in a sentence. They can serve as the subject, the object, or the object of a preposition in a preposition phrase. While they serve as nouns in the sentence, they still have some properties of verbs. They can have an object like a verb.

Ví dụ:

Hiking is good exercise. (gerund as subject)

I like hiking. (gerund as object)

She improved her health [by hiking] every weekend. (gerund as object of a preposition in a preposition phrase)

To hike is a wonderful experience. (infinitive as a subject)

I like to hike. (infinitive as object)

Playing tennis is fun. (here, tennis is the object of the gerund 'playing')

I like to play tennis. (here, tennis is the object of the infinitive 'to play')


Exercise: Verb Forms - Participles, Gerunds and Infinitives

Chọn đáp án đúng cho mỗi câu hỏi dưới đây.
Lưu ý: Gerunds và Infinitives sẽ được học chi tiết trong Chương 7.

1. Trong câu "The eaten cake was delicious.", từ "eaten" đóng vai trò gì?



2. Trong câu "He has eaten the cake.", từ "eaten" đóng vai trò gì?



3. Từ nào sau đây là một gerund (danh động từ)?



4. Trong câu "I like to hike.", cụm từ "to hike" đóng vai trò gì?



5. Trong câu "Playing tennis is fun.", từ "tennis" đóng vai trò gì?



6. Trong câu "She improved her health by hiking every weekend.", từ "hiking" đóng vai trò gì?



7. Từ nào sau đây là một infinitive (động từ nguyên mẫu)?



8. Trong câu "The walking dog looked happy.", từ "walking" đóng vai trò gì?



9. Trong câu "I like to play tennis.", cụm từ "to play" và "tennis" lần lượt là gì?



10. Trong câu "To hike is a wonderful experience.", cụm từ "To hike" đóng vai trò gì?





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