II. BUILDING COMPOUND AND COMPLEX SENTENCES
2. Complex Sentences: Joining an Independent Clause to a Dependent Clause
2.1 Common Subordinating Clauses and their Meanings
2.1.3 Opposition
a. Though: The situation that is or that happens in the main clause is different from what we expected to happen as a result of the action of the adverb clause.
Example
Though she spent hours cooking the holiday dinner, it did not turn out well.
This is sometimes used when there may be some similarity between the ideas of the two clauses or the two things being compared, but the part that is different is highlighted.
Example
Though Jaime is usually very organized, he sometimes forgets to do some tasks.
b. Although: (same as above)
Examples
Although his car was old, it never broke down.
Although his car was ugly, it was reliable. (not everything was bad)
c. Even though: (same as above)
Examples
Even though he had a very good salary, he always seemed to run out of money at the end of the month.
Even though he was always on time, he sometimes came unprepared (not always).
d. Whereas: The thing being discussed in the adverb clause completely contrasts with or is completely different than the main clause.
Example
Whereas Kumi was very organized, her sister was very messy.
e. While: (same as above)
Example
While Europe has a lot of older classic buildings, most American cities are quite new and may be plain in comparison.
Exercise 1: Choose a Subordinating Conjunction of opposition from the list to go in the blanks below.
List: (although, though, even though, whereas, while). Nhập câu trả lời vào ô trống.
1. _____ some people are skeptical of the idea that your brain works at night, research shows that it often works to solve problems while you are sleeping.
Trả lời:
2. The energy in your muscles is derived from adenosine triphosphate (ATP). _____ your brain runs on glucose.
Trả lời:
3. ATP is long-lasting energy, _____ glucose gets used up quite quickly.
Trả lời:
4. _____ many people work very hard, they are sometimes inefficient and don't get much done.
Trả lời:
5. _____ long hours of studying can help you, short bursts of intense study may be more effective.
Trả lời:
Exercise 2: Join the two clauses and add the indicated subordinating conjunction of cause/effect to connect them.
Be sure to attach the conjunction to the correct clause and add a comma in the correct place if needed. There is a blank in front of each clause so that you do not need to write out the entire sentence. In the correct blank (the one that takes the conjunction), simply add the correct subordinating conjunction and a comma, if necessary. Capitalize the first letter of the sentence if there is no conjunction at the beginning of the sentence. Nhập câu trả lời vào ô trống.
1. _____ autocratic leaders can make an organization respond very quickly to markets _____ there is a potential for serious mistakes to be made without the input of their employees. (while)
Trả lời:
2. _____ an organization with a leader who follows the 'Servant Leadership' model may have difficulty in moving everyone in the same direction when needed _____ they often have high employee satisfaction and good will. (even though)
Trả lời:
3. _____ autocratic leaders usually do not take the ideas of their employees seriously _____ in a democratic leadership style, employees' ideas are encouraged, leading to many innovative ideas. (whereas)
Trả lời:
4. _____ a transformational leader can inspire their employees with a sense of purpose _____ employees may become too dependent on their leader for motivation. (though)
Trả lời:
5. _____ in an organization with a Laissez-Faire style leader, employees may feel that management expectations are not clear _____ the employees in an organization with a transactional style leader knows exactly what is required of them. (while)
Trả lời:
6. _____ an organization with a democratic leadership style may lack the speed needed to operate in a highly competitive business environment _____ when they do move forward, their strategy is usually effective. (although)
Trả lời:
Exercise 3: Finish the cause/effect sentences with either an independent clause or a dependent clause.
Nhập câu trả lời vào ô trống.
1. Although he was completely exhausted at the end of the semester,
2. Even though his favorite football team won,
3. While Marianna was quite outgoing and friendly,
4. Though Raul had spent so much money on making his apartment luxurious,
5. Make your own sentence:
6. Make your own sentence:
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