III. THE SIMPLE TENSE
5. The Simple Future Tense
5.2 Future in the Past
5.2.5 Time Clauses with 'Future in the Past'
A complex sentence has two clauses - a independent main clause and a subordinate clause, which is dependent. An independent clause is complete grammatically, having both a subject and a verb. A dependent clause is also complete grammatically, but the idea is not complete. Another clause is needed to complete the idea. The idea in a dependent clause it's not complete because a connecting word, a subordinating conjunction, makes it necessary to complete an idea.
For example, if we use the subordinating conjunction 'after' in a clause such as 'after we eat dinner', the idea is not complete until you tell what will happen "after we eat dinner". You could complete the idea by saying, "After we eat dinner, we will watch a movie."
There are subordinating conjunctions of time, cause-and-effect, condition, contrast, and purpose.
In a [dependent clause of time], you cannot use the 'future in the past'. For example, you cannot say, "After we will go to the bank..." Instead, you must use the simple present tense in the [dependent time clause] and complete it with an independent clause using a future verb tense.
Example:
[When we go to the bank], we will withdraw some money.
Here, the [dependent clause of time], with the subordinate conjunction 'when', has a simple present tense verb - 'go'. The independent clause that connects it, "we will withdraw some money", has a future tense verb 'will withdraw'.
Sometimes we use the present continuous tense in the time clause to express an action that will be happening in the future. A future tense verb is used in the independent clause.
Example:
Next year, [while she is studying at university], she is also going to be working part time.
In a [dependent clause], the perfect tense is sometimes used in the time clause instead of the simple tense.
Exercise 1: Identify the subordinate/dependent clause.
Put /slashes/ around the dependent clause. Nhập câu trả lời vào ô trống.
1. I will call you when I arrive at the airport.
Trả lời:
2. After we return from vacation, we will need to get ready for the fall semester.
Trả lời:
3. When the storm is over, we can go outside for a walk.
Trả lời:
4. While he washes the dishes, he's going to listen to the news.
Trả lời:
5. I will clean the apartment after I have washed the dishes.
Trả lời:
Exercise 2: Write the correct form of the verb in the clauses below.
Use either 'will' or 'going to' in the main/independent clause and the simple present tense in the dependent adverb clause of time. Nhập câu trả lời vào ô trống.
1. When Ahmed _____ (graduate) with his from university, he _____ (have) a double major in biology and engineering.
(graduate) (have)
2. I _____ (apply) to rent a bigger apartment after I _____ (start) my new business.
(apply) (start)
3. After Katrina _____ (reach) her goal of climbing a 3,000-meter mountain, she _____ (try) to climb a higher 5,000-meter mountain peak.
(reach) (try)
4. I _____ (speak) more professionally when I _____ (finish) this communications class.
(speak) (finish)
5. I _____ (study) for five hours for my final exam when I _____ (wake up).
(study) (wake up)
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