II. USING THE PERFECT TENSE FOR TIME
2.0 Past, Present and Future Perfect Tenses
2.1 Past
The action started in the past and continues until a later time, which is indicated. We are only talking about the time which started in the past until another end point in the past.
Examples
I had lived in Tokyo for three years (total time) before I moved to Seoul.
I had lived in Tokyo since 2005.
2.2 Present
The action started in the past and continues until the present, even if the present is not mentioned. In this case, it is implied.
Examples
I have not eaten since 7:00 a.m. (until now).
I have not eaten for 5 hours (until now).
2.3 Future
The action started at a point prior to the end point and continues until the stated end point. The action may have started in the past or the present. It may start in the future; however, we are only talking about the time which started before the future end point, which is given.
Example
I will have graduated three years from now.
Here, the end point is three years from now. The action may have started in the past or the present.
We may also use the future Perfect Tense to talk about total time from the starting point, which could be the present or the past, until a time which is stated.
Example
By next May, I will have studied for 4 years.
Exercise 1: Write all of the past, present and future perfect verbs in the following paragraphs.
(Bài tập đọc hiểu - không có ô điền)
Elif had just finished her internship at the Biotechnology Lab in Surrey, UK. She had learned many new things. She had scanned the chromosomes of fifty people, looking for signs of a genetic disorder which causes a blood disorder. She had also worked with a couple of well-known researchers who had discovered a new way to treat a certain kind of cancer.
Overall, it has been a good experience for her. She has enjoyed working on with a team of brilliant and dedicated scientists who are working to treat troubling diseases. She has felt pride in her work and has found that this is truly at career that she can dedicate herself to.
Elif imagines herself in her career ten years from now. She wonders if she will have discovered something which could help treat cancer or maybe cure some other disease. She thinks about all the people for whom she will have improved their quality of life. She also thinks of all the wonderful people whom she will have worked with.
Exercise 2: Put the correct form of the Perfect Tense in the blank below.
Use past, present and future perfect forms. Nhập câu trả lời vào ô trống.
Past Perfect
1. When Melanie moved out of her parent's home and into her own apartment, she (1) _____ (live) with them as an adult for eight years.
Trả lời:
2. She was happy to move out on her own, and she was excited about living with Lisa, who (2) _____ (be) her friend since before they (3) _____ (meet) in university.
(2) (3)
3. Before this, Lisa (4) _____ (work) at her father's company as a marketer for 5 years, and she (5) _____ (increase) sales by 35% in one year. But this was soon about to change.
(4) (5)
Present Perfect
4. He (6) _____ (decide) to finally go ice skating. It seems a bit scary because he (7) _____ (have, never) good balance.
(6) (7)
5. Although all of his friends can skate, he (8) _____ (avoid, always) it. Whenever they (9) _____ (ask) him to go skating with them. He (10) _____ (say, always) that he is too busy to go.
(8) (9) (10)
Future Perfect
6. Looking into the future, unless the human population (11) _____ (change) their consumption patterns, there will be terrible effects of climate change.
(11)
7. By the later part of this century, the global temperature (12) _____ (rise) by up to 2°.
(12)
8. At that time, we (13) _____ (experience) natural disasters, and increase in extreme weather, and global food insecurity.
(13)
9. Climate change will (14) _____ (cause) conflict over water and food resources.
(14)
10. This even (15) _____ (result) in some wars.
(15)
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