I. GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES: INTRODUCTION AND REVIEW (ALL ABOUT GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES)
2. Gerunds
2.6 Gerunds as the Object of a Preposition
Besides being used as the subject of a sentence or the object of a verb, gerunds can also be used as the object of a preposition. Several words are often followed by prepositions. In each case, they can be followed by a Gerund.
- Verb + Preposition + Gerund
I will keep on working until I am finished my report.
- Adjective + Preposition + Gerund
Abdul was tired of cleaning his roommate's dishes.
- Noun + Of + Gerund
There is a good chance of getting a promotion at work.
- Infinitives after Prepositions? *Remember that infinitives cannot be used after a preposition. Only Gerunds can follow a preposition.
The following verbs, adjectives, and nouns followed by a preposition are known as 'collocations'.
- This means that the following verbs, adjectives, and nouns can only be followed by the exact preposition listed in the table below.
- You cannot substitute another preposition, even if the alternate preposition has the same meaning as the original preposition, as given below.
Verb + Preposition + Gerund
argue about, care about, complain about, forget about, talk about, worry about
aim at, work at
look into, feel like
apologize for, blame for, care for, forgive for, make up for, thank for, use for
believe in, result in
come across as
admit to, confess to, look forward to, object to
specialize in, succeed in, believe in, result in, succeed in
approve of, dream of, hear of, take care of, think of
agree with, come up with, cope with, deal with
concentrate on, depend on, fall back on, go on, give up on, insist on, keep on, look back on, plan on, work on
Adjective + Preposition + Gerund
afraid of, aware of, capable of, incapable of, proud of, tired of
bad at, better at, effective at, good at, great at, successful at, upset at
concerned about, enthusiastic about, excited about, happy about, nervous about, serious about, sorry about, worried about
different from, evident from, exempt from, free from, obvious from, safe from, tired from
crucial in, effective in, important in, interested in, involved in, useful in
available for, crucial for, famous for, important for, necessary for, responsible for, sorry for, suitable for, useful for
Nouns + Of + Preposition + Gerund
advantage of, chance of, in charge of, cost of, danger of, effect of, experience of, form of, habit of, hope of, idea of, importance of, intention of, means of, method of, point of, possibility of, practice of, problem of, process of, prospect of, purpose of, result of, risk of, system of, task of, thought of, way of
Collocations are words that normally go together in a duo or a phrase. In collocations, you can not substitute synonyms or any other word for a word. For example, 'passenger train' cannot be replaced with 'people train'—you must use the word 'passenger'. There are several collocations in English that make use of a preposition. You cannot substitute one preposition with another, though some have two possibilities. In a phrasal verb, substituting one preposition for another can change the meaning of the word.
Here are some possibilities:
- Collocation Phrases that use a preposition followed by a gerund.
- Verbs + (Preposition + Gerund) [two-word verbs/phrasal verbs]
- Adjectives + (Preposition + Gerund)
- Nouns + (Preposition + Gerund)
Exercise 1: First, underline the verb, adjective or noun + preposition combinations in the following sentences.
Then, indicate whether each sentence has either a verb, adjective, or noun followed by a preposition. Write 'v' for verb, 'a' for adjective, or 'n' for noun. Nhập câu trả lời vào ô trống.
1. My roommate keeps on playing his music loudly in the evening.
Trả lời:
2. There is a possibility of not finishing the project on time.
Trả lời:
3. Jason always works at answering his emails by the end of the day.
Trả lời:
4. I always take advantage of summer by going camping.
Trả lời:
5. This company aims at selling 1000 pairs of shoes by the end of the month.
Trả lời:
6. Maria always forgets about taking her umbrella when it's raining.
Trả lời:
7. I am concerned about the rising temperature of our oceans.
Trả lời:
8. Freya is very effective at organizing her team to complete a task.
Trả lời:
9. The process of applying for jobs can be discouraging.
Trả lời:
10. Being aware of invading computer viruses is important for businesses.
Trả lời:
Exercise 2: Make sentences by putting the following words or phrases in order.
Remember that could be either verbs, adjectives or nouns followed by a preposition. Be sure to capitalize the first word in the sentence. Nhập câu trả lời vào ô trống.
1. not necessary for / in large cities with a good transit system / getting to / is / work / a car
Trả lời:
2. are / working as a Senior Manager / very different from / a middle manager / the responsibilities of
Trả lời:
3. very successful at / was / she / selling the products of her start-up company
Trả lời:
4. listening / had grown tired of / to her roommates' complaints / she
Trả lời:
5. the day / I / when I pay off my car loan / look forward to
Trả lời:
Sample Answers
1. A car is not necessary for getting to work in large cities with a good transit system.
OR
In large cities with a good transit system, a car is not necessary for getting to work.
2. The responsibilities of a middle manager are very different from working as a senior
manager.
3. She was very successful at selling the products of her start-up company.
4. She had grown tired of listening to her roommates’ complaints.
5. I look forward to the day when I pay off my car loan.
Exercise 3: Complete the following sentences using a gerund as the object of a preposition.
Answer the following questions using the same preposition combinations as the questions (i.e. verb + preposition, adjective + preposition, or noun + preposition combination). Nhập câu trả lời vào ô trống.
Example: What are you excited about? → I am excited about graduation.
1. What are you effective at?
Trả lời:
2. What are your habits? What do you make a practice of?
Trả lời:
3. What are you concerned about?
Trả lời:
4. What do you admit to doing when no one is around?
Trả lời:
5. What exciting thing are you planning on doing in the next five years?
Trả lời:
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