I. GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES: INTRODUCTION AND REVIEW (ALL ABOUT GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES)
4.0 Using Gerunds and Infinitives for the Past, Present, and Future and for Realistic and Unrealistic Situations
4.4 Verbs Followed by Either a Gerund or an Infinitive, With no Change in Meaning
Some verbs can be followed by either a Gerund or an Infinitive. However, for some of these, the meaning changes depending on if you use a gerund or an infinitive after the verb.
begin, hate, like, continue, enjoy, prefer, start, try
Some gerunds or infinitives have a current action but with a continuing aspect to them. In this case, you can usually use either a gerund or an infinitive.
Examples
You need to start your test now. (you should start now, but you will obviously continue)
Starting your assignment now is a good idea.
Continue working on your project! (you will work on it now, but it will continue into the future)
Study Tip
It is usually easier to tell when a verb is followed by an infinitive because the verb, such as 'hope' or 'plan', itself seems to suggest a future action. Some verbs are followed by a Gerund, and it is usually hard to tell if it suggests a past or present action or if it suggests a future action.
Then, some verbs can be followed by either a gerund or an infinitive. There are fewer verbs followed by an infinitive, but there are many verbs that are followed by a Gerund and verbs that can be followed by either a Gerund or an Infinitive. There are also verbs that can be followed by either a Gerund or an Infinitive but for which the meaning changes depending on which you use.
It would be a lot of work to memorize which verbs are followed by a Gerund, which are followed by an Infinitive, and which can be followed by either a Gerund or an Infinitive. However, we can usually predict that certain words will be followed by an infinitive because the verb itself (e.g. hope) suggests a future action.
So, if you intend to memorize which verbs are followed by a Gerund and which by an Infinitive (or either a Gerund or an Infinitive), memorize the ones that are followed by an infinitive. All the others we can assume can be followed by a gerund. For the ones that can be followed by either a Gerund or an Infinitive, we can just choose to always use a gerund. Then, if we memorize which verbs are followed by an infinitive, almost all other verbs* can be followed by a Gerund.
* However, we also do need to memorize the verbs that can be followed by either a Gerund or Infinitive but with a change in meaning depending on whether you use a Gerund or an Infinitive after the verb.
Exercise 1: Without looking at charts of verbs that are followed by either a gerund or infinitive, try to predict whether or not the following verbs are followed by a Gerund or an Infinitive.
Put 'g' next to those that would likely be followed by a Gerund and put 'i' next to those that would likely be followed by an Infinitive. All these verbs can be changed to either only a Gerund or an Infinitive. None of them can be changed to either a Gerund OR an Infinitive. Nhập câu trả lời vào ô trống.
1. enjoy →
2. decide →
3. expect →
4. keep →
5. quit →
6. learn →
7. plan →
8. discuss →
9. hope →
10. finish →
11. intend →
12. practice →
13. want →
14. recommend →
15. aim →
16. avoid →
Exercise 2: Change the following verbs to either a gerund or an infinitive.
All these verbs can be changed to either a gerund or an infinitive. A few of them can be changed to either a gerund OR an infinitive. The verbs may be in the subject or object position in the sentence. When listing a series of infinitive-action nouns in parallel, remember that you do not need to repeat 'to', as follows: "I like to swim, hike, and play football." Nhập câu trả lời vào ô trống.
It seems like (1) (be) an astronaut would be a rewarding and exciting career.
1. I enjoy (2) (explore) new things, so in the future I don't expect (3) (have) a boring career.
2. I will never quit (4) (try) new things, and I never want (5) (avoid) things that are a challenge.
3. I will begin (6) (take) courses in science, aeronautics, and astrophysics.
4. I think that I would enjoy (7) (study) these things. I aim (8) (travel) to space within 15 years at the maximum.
5. I discussed (9) (follow) my dreams with my academic advisor, and he suggested (10) (decide on) what motivates me.
6. It may be difficult, but I just need (11) (keep on) going, (12) (continue) along my path, even if the going gets rough sometimes.
7. This will teach me (13) (quit, not) just because there are obstacles. I have decided (14) (do) this. My first step is (15) (learn) to fly an airplane.
Exercise 3: Finish the following sentences using your own ideas.
Use either a gerund or an infinitive. Nhập câu trả lời vào ô trống.
1. I prefer
2. Mateo quit
3. Malik prefers
4. My father expects
5. I avoid
6. Liam likes
7. My mother recommends
Exercise 4: Finish the following sentences using your own ideas.
Use a verb followed by a noun or pronoun plus a gerund or an infinitive. Nhập câu trả lời vào ô trống.
1. My mother often asked _____ to _____.
2. My friends expect _____ to _____.
3. My teacher always wanted _____ to _____.
4. My father expects _____ to _____.
5. My grandmother wanted _____ to _____.
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