Luyện ngữ pháp - Destination B1 - (((((Unit 4: Grammar - Present perfect simple, present perfect continuous)


Present perfect simple

have/has + past participle

statement

 I/you/we/they have ('ve) learnt ...
He/she/it has ('s) learnt ...

negative

 I/you/we/they have not (haven't) learnt...
He/she/it has not (hasn't) learnt...

question

 Have I/you/we/they learnt...?
Has he/she/it learnt...?

Use

Example
Situations that started in the past and are still true Mrs Jenkins has been the head teacher for three years.
Completed actions at a time in the past which is not mentioned I’ve already read that book.
Completed actions where the important thing is the result now They’ve all done their homework.

Helpful hints

The present perfect simple is often used with the following words and phrases:

for She’s taught German here for over five years.
since Mr Gray has taught French here since 2006.
just We’ve just done this exercise.
already We’ve already done this exercise.
yet We haven’t checked the answers yet.
ever Have you ever had guitar lessons?
never I’ve never understood why they give us so much homework!
it’s the first time It’s the first time we’ve watched a video in class.

Watch out!

We don't use the present perfect simple when we want to say when something happened in the past. We use the past simple.
✓ I did my homework last night.
We don't use the past simple when we want to show that something happened before now or is still important now. We use the present perfect simple.
✓ I’ve finished! Can I go home now?
Some verbs have irregular past participle forms.

Irregular verbs

Bare infinitive Past simple Past participle
be was, were been
beat beat beaten
become became become
begin began begun
bite bit bitten
blow blew blown
break broke broken
bring brought brought
build built built
burn burnt/burned burnt/burned
buy bought bought
catch caught caught
choose chose chosen
come came come
cost cost cost
cut cut cut
deal dealt dealt
dig dug dug
do did done
draw drew drawn
dream dreamt/dreamed dreamt/dreamed
drink drank drunk
drive drove driven
eat ate eaten
fall fell fallen
feed fed fed
feel felt felt
fight fought fought
find found found
fly flew flown
forget forgot forgotten
forgive forgave forgiven
freeze froze frozen
get got got/gotten
give gave given
go went gone/been
grow grew grown
have had had
hear heard heard
hide hid hidden
hit hit hit
hold held held
hurt hurt hurt
keep kept kept
know knew known
lead led led
learn learnt/learned learnt/learned
leave left left
lend lent lent
let let let
lie lay lain
light lit lit
lose lost lost
make made made
mean meant meant
meet met met
pay paid paid
put put put
read read read
ride rode ridden
ring rang rung
rise rose risen
run ran run
say said said
see saw seen
sell sold sold
send sent sent
set set set
shake shook shaken
shine shone shone
shoot shot shot
show showed shown
shut shut shut
sing sang sung
sit sat sat
sleep slept slept
smell smelt/smelled smelt/smelled
speak spoke spoken
spend spent spent
spill spilt/spilled spilt/spilled
stand stood stood
steal stole stolen
sting stung stung
swim swam swum
take took taken
teach taught taught
tear tore torn
tell told told
think thought thought
throw threw thrown
understand understood understood
wake woke woken
wear wore worn
win won won
write wrote written

Form - Present perfect continuous


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