Luyện ngữ pháp - English Grammar (Lesson 11: Phrases. Analysis of Sentences))


PHRASES. ANALYSIS OF SENTENCES.

Exercise.

Instructions: Select all the phrases in these sentences, and tell what each phrase modifies. Account for the punctuation of the phrases in sentences 2 and 9. Why are commas omitted in sentence 5?

  1. I passed a very comfortable night in the carrot bin.
  2. The four little rabbits lived with their mother, in a sand bank, underneath the root of a very big fir tree.
  3. He went along over hills and mountains, and on the third day came to a wide forest.
  4. During those long winter evenings I read six of Scott's novels aloud to my mother.
  5. Mr. Jeremy Fisher lived in a little damp house amongst the buttercups at the edge of a pond.
  6. On that evening, before sunset, some women were washing clothes on the upper step of the flight that led down into the basin of the Pool of Siloam.
  7. On the fourth day after our arrival came a letter from my mamma.
  8. Jelly fishes generally float near the surface of the sea, and are often washed up on the shore by the waves.
  9. Where no human hand would have dared to rest, the young lions crawled fearlessly—across the knotty muscles of the back, over the sinewy neck, across the death-dealing paws, even between the frightful jaws.
  10. Tom arched his back like a contortionist at a circus.
  11. The women of the different provinces in Holland are known by their head dresses.
  12. The last words rang out like silver trumpets.
  13. A farm without a boy would very soon come to grief.
  14. In winter I get up at night.

Additional Task: Analyze sentences 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 11, 12, 13, and 14 in the exercise above, following this outline:

  1. Tell whether the sentence is declarative or interrogative.
  2. Divide it into subject and predicate.
  3. Select the simple subject and give its modifiers.
  4. Select the simple predicate and give its modifiers.
  5. If a predicate is compound, select the two or more predicate verbs, and then give the modifiers of each.

Write your analysis here:

Sample Answers (Suggested) / Đáp án gợi ý

1. Phrases in sentence 1: in the carrot bin modifies passed (adverbial phrase).

2. Phrases in sentence 2: with their mother modifies lived; in a sand bank modifies lived; underneath the root of a very big fir tree modifies lived (all adverbial). Commas separate the three phrases in a series. of a very big fir tree modifies root (adjective phrase).

3. Phrases in sentence 3: along over hills and mountains modifies went; on the third day modifies came; to a wide forest modifies came (all adverbial).

4. Phrases in sentence 4: During those long winter evenings modifies read; of Scott's novels modifies six (adjective phrase); to my mother modifies read (adverbial).

5. Phrases in sentence 5: in a little damp house modifies lived; amongst the buttercups modifies lived; at the edge of a pond modifies lived (all adverbial). of a pond modifies edge (adjective). No commas are used because the phrases are not in a series (they modify the verb differently, and some are nested).

6. Phrases in sentence 6: On that evening modifies were washing; before sunset modifies were washing; on the upper step modifies were washing; of the flight modifies step; that led down into the basin of the Pool of Siloam modifies flight (clause). into the basin modifies led; of the Pool of Siloam modifies basin (adjective phrase).

7. Phrases in sentence 7: On the fourth day modifies came; after our arrival modifies fourth day (adjective); from my mamma modifies letter (adjective).

8. Phrases in sentence 8: near the surface modifies float; of the sea modifies surface; on the shore modifies washed up; by the waves modifies washed up (all adverbial).

9. Phrases in sentence 9: across the knotty muscles of the back, over the sinewy neck, across the death-dealing paws, even between the frightful jaws all modify crawled (adverbial phrases in a series). of the back modifies muscles (adjective). Commas separate the series.

10. Phrases in sentence 10: like a contortionist modifies arched; at a circus modifies contortionist (adjective).

11. Phrases in sentence 11: of the different provinces modifies women; in Holland modifies provinces (adjective); by their head dresses modifies are known (adverbial).

12. Phrases in sentence 12: like silver trumpets modifies rang out (adverbial).

13. Phrases in sentence 13: without a boy modifies farm (adjective).

14. Phrases in sentence 14: In winter modifies get up; at night modifies get up (both adverbial).

Sample Analysis (Sentence 2):

Sentence 2: The four little rabbits lived with their mother, in a sand bank, underneath the root of a very big fir tree.

Type: Declarative.

Subject: The four little rabbits — Simple subject: rabbits (noun), modified by the, four, and little (adjectives).

Predicate: lived with their mother, in a sand bank, underneath the root of a very big fir tree — Simple predicate: lived (verb), modified by three adverbial phrases: with their mother, in a sand bank, and underneath the root of a very big fir tree.

Sample Analysis (Sentence 5):

Sentence 5: Mr. Jeremy Fisher lived in a little damp house amongst the buttercups at the edge of a pond.

Type: Declarative.

Subject: Mr. Jeremy Fisher — Simple subject: Fisher (proper noun), modified by Mr. and Jeremy.

Predicate: lived in a little damp house amongst the buttercups at the edge of a pond — Simple predicate: lived (verb), modified by three adverbial phrases: in a little damp house, amongst the buttercups, and at the edge of a pond. The last phrase contains an adjective phrase of a pond modifying edge.
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