THE PASSIVE VOICE.

Exercise 2.

1. Carry your grandmamma a custard and a little pot of butter.
   Sample Answer / Đáp án gợi ý

   Bị động 1: A custard and a little pot of butter should be carried to your grandmamma.
   Bị động 2: Your grandmamma should be carried a custard and a little pot of butter.
   Giải thích: Tân ngữ trực tiếp (custard, pot) → chủ ngữ (câu 1); tân ngữ gián tiếp (grandmamma) → chủ ngữ (câu 2).

2. Aladdin made his mother very little reply.
   Sample Answer / Đáp án gợi ý

   Bị động 1: Very little reply was made to his mother by Aladdin.
   Bị động 2: His mother was made very little reply by Aladdin.
   Giải thích: Tân ngữ trực tiếp (reply) → chủ ngữ (câu 1); tân ngữ gián tiếp (mother) → chủ ngữ (câu 2).

3. I showed my comrades a large heap of stones.
   Sample Answer / Đáp án gợi ý

   Bị động 1: A large heap of stones was shown to my comrades by me.
   Bị động 2: My comrades were shown a large heap of stones by me.
   Giải thích: Tân ngữ trực tiếp (heap) → chủ ngữ (câu 1); tân ngữ gián tiếp (comrades) → chủ ngữ (câu 2).

4. Mrs. Howe had promised the children presents, so she bought George a gun, Mollie two gold rings, and Paul a checkerboard.
   Sample Answer / Đáp án gợi ý

   Bị động 1 (promised): Presents had been promised to the children by Mrs. Howe.
   Bị động 2 (promised): The children had been promised presents by Mrs. Howe.
   Bị động 1 (bought): A gun was bought for George by her. (hoặc George was bought a gun by her.)
   Bị động 1 (bought - Mollie): Two gold rings were bought for Mollie by her. (hoặc Mollie was bought two gold rings by her.)
   Bị động 1 (bought - Paul): A checkerboard was bought for Paul by her. (hoặc Paul was bought a checkerboard by her.)
   Giải thích: Mỗi động từ có thể có hai dạng bị động.

5. I wish the Lord would give horses voices for just one week.
   Sample Answer / Đáp án gợi ý

   Bị động 1: Voices would be given to horses for just one week by the Lord.
   Bị động 2: Horses would be given voices for just one week by the Lord.
   Giải thích: Tân ngữ trực tiếp (voices) → chủ ngữ (câu 1); tân ngữ gián tiếp (horses) → chủ ngữ (câu 2).

6. Bring my mother six women slaves to attend her.
   Sample Answer / Đáp án gợi ý

   Bị động 1: Six women slaves should be brought to my mother to attend her.
   Bị động 2: My mother should be brought six women slaves to attend her.
   Giải thích: Tân ngữ trực tiếp (slaves) → chủ ngữ (câu 1); tân ngữ gián tiếp (mother) → chủ ngữ (câu 2).

7. If you offer Dash a bit of sheep's wool now, he tucks his tail between his legs, and runs for home.
   Sample Answer / Đáp án gợi ý

   Bị động 1 (offer): If a bit of sheep's wool is offered to Dash now...
   Bị động 2 (offer): If Dash is offered a bit of sheep's wool now...
   Bị động (tucks): ...his tail is tucked between his legs by him.
   runs — nội động, không có bị động.
   Giải thích: "tucks" có thể chuyển sang bị động; "runs" là nội động.

8. I never told my schoolmates that I was a Yankee.
   Sample Answer / Đáp án gợi ý

   Bị động 1: That I was a Yankee was never told to my schoolmates by me.
   Bị động 2: My schoolmates were never told that I was a Yankee by me.
   Giải thích: Tân ngữ trực tiếp (mệnh đề that) → chủ ngữ (câu 1); tân ngữ gián tiếp (schoolmates) → chủ ngữ (câu 2).

9. I paid Gypsy a visit every half hour during the first day of my arrival.
   Sample Answer / Đáp án gợi ý

   Bị động 1: A visit was paid to Gypsy every half hour during the first day of my arrival by me.
   Bị động 2: Gypsy was paid a visit every half hour during the first day of my arrival by me.
   Giải thích: Tân ngữ trực tiếp (visit) → chủ ngữ (câu 1); tân ngữ gián tiếp (Gypsy) → chủ ngữ (câu 2).

10. Then the magician gave Aladdin a handful of small money.
    Sample Answer / Đáp án gợi ý

    Bị động 1: A handful of small money was given to Aladdin by the magician.
    Bị động 2: Aladdin was given a handful of small money by the magician.
    Giải thích: Tân ngữ trực tiếp (money) → chủ ngữ (câu 1); tân ngữ gián tiếp (Aladdin) → chủ ngữ (câu 2).

11. Father Andrew also taught Tom a little Latin.
    Sample Answer / Đáp án gợi ý

    Bị động 1: A little Latin was also taught to Tom by Father Andrew.
    Bị động 2: Tom was also taught a little Latin by Father Andrew.
    Giải thích: Tân ngữ trực tiếp (Latin) → chủ ngữ (câu 1); tân ngữ gián tiếp (Tom) → chủ ngữ (câu 2).

12. The sultan granted Aladdin his request and again embraced him.
    Sample Answer / Đáp án gợi ý

    Bị động 1 (granted): His request was granted to Aladdin by the sultan.
    Bị động 2 (granted): Aladdin was granted his request by the sultan.
    Bị động (embraced): He was again embraced by the sultan.
    Giải thích: "granted" có hai dạng bị động; "embraced" có một dạng.