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English Vocabulary in Use Advance (Unit 25: On the road: traffic and driving)


A. Driving and traffic regulations

In the UK, you must give way1 at a give-way sign and at a roundabout, where traffic coming from the right has the right of way2. You must give way to pedestrians at a pedestrian crossing3.

In some countries, sounding/beeping4 your horn is prohibited, except in emergencies.

In most countries, jumping5 a red light is a serious offence, as is reckless6 driving.

In many parts of the world, drink-driving7 or drug-driving8 can result in a heavy fine or imprisonment. Drivers may be asked by a police officer to take a breathalyser9 test.

Hit-and-run10 accidents are almost always considered to be grave offences and may result in a ban11 for several years and/or imprisonment.

In the UK, less serious breaches of traffic regulations may lead to penalty points12 on the driver’s licence.

In many countries, on-the-spot13 fines may be issued for careless driving and other offences.

In the European Union, exhaust emissions14 must meet certain standards, and the car must be roadworthy15, which includes a minimum depth of tyre tread16. Driving with a bald17 tyre is against the law.

  • 1 stop at a junction before entering a bigger road
  • 2 is allowed to go before other traffic
  • 3 often called a zebra crossing when it has black and white stripes
  • 4 beeping is less formal than sounding
  • 5 not stopping at a red light
  • 6 very dangerous, without any care for others
  • 7 driving after consuming alcohol above the legal limit
  • 8 driving after taking illegal drugs
  • 9 instrument you breathe into to measure alcohol level
  • 10 running into someone and not stopping
  • 11 removal of your driving licence
  • 12 negative points which are added up over time and can result in the loss of your licence
  • 13 given at the scene of the offence
  • 14 waste gases produced by the vehicle
  • 15 in a condition that it can be driven safely
  • 16 the depth of the grooves in the tyre rubber
  • 17 one which has lost its tread

B. Traffic problems

  • It was the rush hour, and there was a long tailback. [line of slow or stopped traffic]
  • There’s always congestion in the city centre. [situation in which there is a lot of traffic that can’t move]
  • In some cities, cars have to pay a congestion charge to go into the city centre.
  • You have to pay a toll on the new motorway. [a charge you have to pay to use the road]
  • There was a pile-up involving ten cars, because of the fog, so the road was closed and we were diverted onto a narrow country lane. [crash between several or many cars; directed away from our road]
  • Overnight snow caused disruption this morning on many roads, but it has cleared now. [when a system, process or event is prevented from continuing as usual or as expected]
  • I had stupidly parked in a tow-away zone and came back to find my car had gone! [area where your car may be taken away if you park illegally]
  • I only parked for a few minutes outside the station, but when I came out my car had been clamped. [fitted with a metal device on the wheel to prevent it from moving]
  • I saw two men fighting next to their cars. I think it was a case of road rage. [anger or violence between drivers because of difficult driving conditions]
  • The road was wet and I skidded on a bend and almost crashed. [lost control of the steering so that the car slid across the road]
  • There was a head-on collision on the main road between here and the next village last night. [two vehicles hitting each other directly in the front]
(Radio announcement)
There was an accident at the junction between the A476 and the A53 this morning involving a lorry carrying a load of glue. Traffi c has been stuck there for the last three hours.
Exercise-25.1


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