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English Vocabulary in Use Advance (Unit 32: The animal kingdom)


A. Describing animals and birds

mammal: animal that gives birth to live babies, not eggs, and feeds them on its own milk (e.g. cat, cow, kangaroo); a kangaroo is a special kind of mammal called a marsupial [its young grow in a pouch in front of the mother]
rodent: e.g. mouse, rat
reptile: e.g. snake, lizard
carnivore: animal that eats a diet that is mainly or exclusively meat (e.g. lion, tiger, hyena)
herbivore: animal that eats a diet that is mainly or exclusively grass/vegetation (e.g. deer, cow)
predator: animal that hunts/eats other animals (e.g. eagle, lion, shark)
scavenger: animal that feeds on dead animals which it has not killed itself warm/cold-blooded: warm-blooded animals (e.g. mammals) have temperatures that stay the same; cold-blooded animals (e.g. reptiles) have to control their temperature by taking in heat from outside or by being very active

B. Describing typical animal behaviour

Our old cat is a very docile creature. [behaves very gently]
These birds are so tame, they will sit on your hand. [not afraid of humans, usually because of training or long involvement with humans]
Dogs and horses became domesticated thousands of years ago. [live with or are used by humans]
There are wild cats in the mountains. [opposite of domesticated]
A savage wolf killed three of the farmer’s sheep. [extremely violent or wild]
A fierce dog guarded the gates. [behaves aggressively]

C. Life of animals and birds

As more buildings and roads are constructed, the natural habitat for many species is shrinking. [preferred natural place for living and breeding]
The arctic tern is a bird which migrates from the Arctic to the Antarctic, a round trip of over 70,000 km. Migration is when animals travel long distances to get to a different habitat.
The dodo was a large flightless bird which was found on one island in the Indian Ocean but became extinct in the 17th century. [died out]
You can see lots of animals in the big game reserves / game parks in Africa. [areas of land where animals are protected from hunting, etc.; game can be used to mean animals or birds that are hunted]
There is a bird sanctuary near here. [protected natural area where birds can live and breed]
We went to the local animal (rescue) shelter to see if we could get a dog there. [place where stray cats, dogs, etc., i.e. pets that have lost their home, are given food and a place to live]

Language help

A dodo is now used to mean someone or something out of touch or obsolete.

D. Human exploitation of animals and birds

Many people are opposed to blood sports such as foxhunting and bullfighting. [sports whose purpose is to kill or injure animals]
Some people refuse to wear clothing made of natural animal fur, since they are opposed to the fur trade. [the selling of animal furs for coats, jackets, etc.]
Poachers kill hundreds of elephants every year to supply the ivory trade. [people who hunt animals illegally] [the buying and selling of ivory from elephants’ tusks]
Animal rights activists often demonstrate outside research laboratories where animals are used in experiments. [people who actively campaign for the protection and rights of animals]
Rhinos are hunted for their horn, which is said to have healing powers. [hard, pointed, often curved part growing from the head of an animal]


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