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English Vocabulary in Use Pre-Intermediate (Unit 70: Prefixes: changing meaning)


A. With adjectives

Prefixes, e.g. un-, dis-, im-, can be added to some adjectives to give the opposite meaning.
happy unhappy
possible impossible
regular irregular
honest [tells the truth] dishonest
correct [right✓] incorrect
legal [allowed by law] illegal

  • Dan used all the milk but said he didn’t; he’s very dishonest.
  • I got eight answers right, but two were incorrect.
  • It’s illegal in the UK to ride a motorbike without a helmet.

B. un-

Of the prefixes above, un- is the most common, and appears in a number of adjectives.

  • This chair is incredibly uncomfortable.
  • It was unnecessary for them to wait for us.
  • Xerxes – that’s a very unusual name. [different, not common or ordinary]
  • I won the game; it was completely unexpected. [I didn’t think I was going to win]
  • Marsha’s hat is unbelievable. [surprising because it is either very good or very bad]
  • We tried to open the door, but we were unable to get in. [could not]
  • I need to do more exercise; I’m very unfit. [not healthy and not in good condition]
  • Declan played well, and I thought he was unlucky to lose.
  • They’re unlikely to get here before midday. [They probably won’t get here before midday.]
  • The test was unfair because some of the students had more time to do it than others. [If something is unfair, it does not treat people equally.]

Language help

Adding a negative prefix does not usually change the pronunciation; the stress stays the same. She was un'lucky. It’s unbe'lievable. (NOT She was 'unlucky. It was 'unbelievable.)

C. With verbs

With some verbs, these prefixes can have particular meanings.

dis-
[the opposite of something]
I disagree with the others. [don’t agree / have the same opinion]
The plane appeared in the sky, then it disappeared behind a cloud.
un-
[the opposite of an action]
I couldn’t unlock the door this morning. [open the door using a key; opp lock]
We had to get undressed in the cold. [take off our clothes; opp get dressed]
I unpacked the bags. [took everything out of the bags; opp pack]
over-
[too much]
The bank overcharged me. [asked me to pay too much money]
mis-
[do something incorrectly]
I misunderstood what he said; I’m afraid my English isn’t very good.
I misheard her. I thought she said Rita, not Brita.
re-
[again]
The teacher has asked me to rewrite my essay.



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