A. Learning and remembering multi-word expressions
Fixed expressions, also known as idioms, often have meanings that are not clear or obvious. For example, the expression to feel under the weather, which means 'to feel unwell', is typical. The words do not tell us what it means, but the context usually helps.
Think of multi-word expressions as units, just like single words; always record the whole expression in your notebook, along with information on grammar and collocation, e.g. This tin opener has seen better days. [it is rather old and broken down; usually of things, always perfect tense form]
Multi-word expressions of this type are often rather informal and include a personal comment on the situation. They are sometimes humorous or ironic. As with any informal words, be careful how you use them. Never use them just to sound 'fluent' or 'good at English'. In a formal situation with a person you do not know, don't say:
'How do you do, Mrs Watson? Do take the weight off your feet.' [sit down]
Instead say: 'Do sit down' or 'Have a seat.'
C. Grammar of multi-word expressions
It is important when using these expressions to know just how flexible their grammar is. Some are more fixed than others. For instance, barking up the wrong tree [be mistaken] is always used in continuous, not simple form, e.g. I think you're barking up the wrong tree. (NOT I think you bark up the wrong tree.)
A good dictionary may help, but it is best to observe the grammar in real examples. Note how Units 89-94 group expressions in different ways.
For more information on multi-word expressions, see English Idioms in Use by Michael McCarthy and Felicity O'Dell.
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